Here it is ppl part 2 Of what u need to know about being a otaku
Syntax and morphology
Anime can be used as a common noun, “Do you watch anime?” or as a suppletive adjective, “The anime Guyver is different from the movie Guyver.” It may also be used as a mass noun, as in “How much anime have you collected?” and therefore is never pluralized “animes” (nouns are never pluralized in Japanese). However, in other languages where anime has been adopted as a loan word, it is sometimes used as a count noun in singular and in plural as in Danish “Jeg tror, jeg vil se en anime” (”I think I’ll watch an anime”) and “Hvor mange anime’er har du nu?” (”How many animes do you have now?”).
Synonyms
Anime is sometimes referred to as Japanimation, but this term has fallen into disuse. Japanimation saw the most usage during the 1970s and 1980s, which broadly comprise the first and second waves of anime fandom, and had continued use up until before the mid-1990s anime resurgence. In general, the term now only appears in nostalgic contexts. The term is much more commonly used within Japan to refer to domestic animation. Since anime or animēshon is used to describe all forms of animation, Japanimation is used to distinguish Japanese work from that of the rest of the world.
In more recent years, anime has also frequently been referred to as manga in European countries, a practice that may stem from the Japanese usage: In Japan, manga can refer to both animation and comics (although the use of manga to refer to animation is mostly restricted to non-fans). Among English speakers, manga usually has the stricter meaning of “Japanese comics”. An alternate explanation is that it is due to the prominence of Manga Entertainment, a distributor of anime to the US and UK markets. Because Manga Entertainment originated in the UK the use of the term is common outside of Japan. The portmanteau “animanga” has been used to collectively refer to anime and manga, though it is also a term used to describe comics produced from animation cels.
Characteristics
Anime features a wide variety of artistic styles. They vary from artist to artist or by studio to studio. They are generally characterized by detailed backgrounds and stylized characters in a variety of different settings and storylines, aimed at a wide range of audiences.
Genres
Anime has many genres typically found in any mass media form. Such genres include action, adventure, children’s stories, comedy, drama, erotica (hentai), medieval fantasy, occult/horror, romance, and science fiction.
Most anime includes content from several different genres, as well as a variety of thematic elements. Thus, some series may be categorized under multiple genres. For example, Neon Genesis Evangelion might be considered to fall into the genres of post-apocalyptic, mecha, drama, and shonen-ai. A show may have a seemingly simple surface plot, but at the same time may feature a far more complex, deeper storyline and character development. It is not uncommon for an action themed anime to also involve humor, romance, and even social commentary. The same can be applied to a romance themed anime in that it may involve an action element, or in some cases brutal violence.
The following is a list of the major genres and designations that are specific to anime and manga.
For other possible genres, see film genre.
Genres with Western Counterparts:
Action/Adventure: Anime that primarily focuses on martial arts, sword fighting, or other action oriented material. Examples: Ninja Scroll.
Horror: Anime or manga which contains darker themes or science-fictional characters. Examples: Vampire Hunter D series or Wicked City.
Progressive: “Art films” or extremely stylized anime. Examples: Voices of a Distant Star or ByÃ…Âsoku 5 Centimetre.
Demographic Genres:
ShÃ…Âjo: Japanese for ‘young lady’ or ‘little girl’. Refers to anime or manga targeted at girls. Examples: Fruits Basket or Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch.
ShÃ…Ânen: Japanese for ‘young boy’. Refers to anime or manga targeted at younger boys. Examples: Dragon Ball Z or Naruto.
Seinen: Japanese for ‘young man’. Anime or manga targeted at teenage or young male adults. Examples: Oh My Goddess!, Outlaw Star or Cowboy Bebop.
Josei: Japanese for ‘young woman’. Anime or manga that is aimed at young women. Examples: Gokusen.
Kodomo: Japanese for ‘child’. Anime or manga that is aimed at young children. Examples: Doraemon, Hello Kitty, Keroppi, or Panda-Z.
Thematic Genres
BishÃ…Âjo: Japanese for ‘beautiful girl’. A blanket term that can be used to describe any anime that features pretty girl characters. Examples: Magic Knight Rayearth.
BishÃ…Ânen: Japanese for ‘beautiful boy’. A blanket term that can be used to describe any anime that features “pretty” and elegant boys and men. Examples: Fushigi YÅ«gi or most CLAMP shows.
Sentai: Literally “fighting team” in Japanese. Refers to any show that involves a superhero team. Examples: Cyborg 009.
Robot/Mecha: Anime or manga featuring super robots. Examples: Mobile Suit Gundam or Mazinger Z.
Post-Apocalyptic: Anime dealing with a post-apocalyptic world. Examples: Neon Genesis Evangelion, Trigun, Akira, or Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind
MahÃ…Â shÃ…Âjo: Subgenre of shÃ…Âjo known for ‘Magical Girl’ stories. Examples: Sailor Moon.
MahÃ…Â shÃ…Ânen: Male equivalent of MahÃ…Â ShÃ…Âjo. Examples: D.N.Angel.
Moe: Anime or manga featuring characters that are extremely perky or cute. Examples: A Little Snow Fairy Sugar.
Expertise: Anime that deals with a specific topic in depth, such as Eyeshield 21 and football, Hikaru no Go and the game Go, Yakitate! Japan and bread-making, etc.
Romantic Genres
Harem: A genre where several girl characters are attracted to a single boy character (or sometimes to multiple boy characters). It is more often than not a Shonen Anime and may be considered a sub-genre. Examples: Ranma ½ or Love Hina.
Reverse Harem: As a Harem anime, but where several boy characters are attracted to a single girl character (or sometimes to multiple girl characters). It is more often than not a Shojo Anime and may be considered a sub-genre. Examples: Ouran Host Club or Fruits Basket.
Ecchi: Japanese for ‘indecent sexuality’, derived from the pronunciation of the letter ‘H’, (the origin of the term is not well known, even in Japan. See main article for more information.) Contains sexual humor, and some fan service. Examples: Love Hina, Oruchuban Ebichu or He Is My Master.
Hentai: Japanese for ‘abnormal’ or ‘perverted’. While Western audiences may use the term to refer to pornographic anime or erotica, in Japan the term used to refer to the same material is typically Poruno or Ero. Examples: La Blue Girl.
ShÃ…Âjo-ai/Yuri: Japanese for ‘girl-love’. Refers to anime or manga that focus on love and romance between female characters. It is often being replaced by the term “Girls Love” (GL). Yuri is like ShÃ…Âjo-ai, but sometimes involves older characters or explicit sexual activity. Examples: Revolutionary Girl Utena or Kannazuki no Miko.
ShÃ…Ânen-ai: Japanese for ‘boy-love’. Refers to anime or manga that focus on love and romance between male characters. The term “ShÃ…Ânen-ai” is being phased out in Japan due to its other meaning of pederasty, and is being replaced by the term “Boys Love” (BL). Examples: Loveless.
Yaoi: Like “ShÃ…Ânen-ai” but often involving older characters and explicit sexual activity. Examples: “Sensitive Pornograph“
Some anime titles are written for a very specific audience, even narrower than those described above. For example, Initial D, Wangan Midnight and éX-Driver concern street racing and car tuning. Ashita No Joe, Hajime no Ippo were about boxing. Hanaukyo Maid Team is based on the French maid fantasy.
Style
While different titles and different artists have their own artistic styles, many stylistic elements have become so common such that they are described as being definitive of anime in general. These elements have been given names of their own. The anime drawing style can be learned, particularly with the aid of books such as How to Draw Manga. Such books come complete with information and instructions on the styles used in anime.
A common approach is the large eyes style drawn on many anime characters, credited to the influence of Osamu Tezuka, who was inspired by the exaggerated features of American cartoon characters such as Betty Boop and Mickey Mouse and from Disney’s Bambi. Tezuka found that large eyes style allowed his characters to show emotions distinctly. Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn argues that Japanese animators and audiences do not perceive such stylized eyes as inherently more or less foreign. When Tezuka began drawing Ribbon no Kishi, the first manga specifically targeted at young girls, Tezuka further exaggerated the size of the characters’ eyes. Indeed, through Ribbon no Kishi, Tezuka set a stylistic template that later shÃ…Âjo artists tended to follow. Another variation of this style is “chibi” or “super deformed“; which usually feature huge eyes, an enlarged head, and small body.
Other stylistic elements are common as well; often in comedic anime, characters that are shocked or surprised will perform a “face fault“, in which they display an extremely exaggerated expression. Angry characters may exhibit a “vein” or “stressmark” effect, where lines representing bulging veins will appear on their forehead. Angry women will sometimes summon a mallet from nowhere and strike someone with it, leading to the concept of Hammerspace and cartoon physics. Male characters will develop a bloody nose around their female love interests (typically to indicate arousal, based on an old wives’ tale). Embarrassed characters will invariably produce a massive sweat-drop, which has become one of the most widely recognized stereotype motifs of anime.
The degree of stylization varies from title to title. Some titles make extensive use of common stylization: FLCL, for example, is known for its wild, exaggerated stylization. In contrast, titles such as Only Yesterday, a film by Isao Takahata, take a much more realistic approach, and feature few stylistic exaggerations.
Anime beyond Japan
Early anime in the United States
The United States saw its first exposure to anime in June of 1961, when Shônen Sarutobi Sasuke (Magic Boy) was released by MGM, followed a few weeks later by Hakuja den (Panda and the Magic Serpent, or The Tale of the White Serpent). Anime then got its running jump in September of 1963, when NBC syndicated a dubbed version of the Japanese series Astro Boy. Not counting such Japanese/American co-productions as The King Kong Show and Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero[1], only seven more anime TV series were released in the United States in the 1960s. These were 8 Man (1965), Gigantor (1966), Kimba the White Lion (1966), Prince Planet (1966), Marine Boy (1966), The Amazing 3 (1967) and Speed Racer (1967). Speed Racer would be the last anime series released in the United States until 1978 when the 1972 series Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman was adapted for American audiences as Battle of the Planets. Many anime series that made it to American television from the 1960s through the 1980s tended to be science fiction or action-oriented, such as Star Blazers (the English dub of Space Battleship Yamato) and Robotech and Voltron (both Americanized amalgamations of unrelated anime series cobbled together into a single story).
As the 1980s wore on, more anime series and films targeted at very young children also found their way to U.S. TV screens, often on cable television channels or in syndication. Nickelodeon broadcast many mostly Canadian-made English dubs of anime films during its early years, including TV series such as Mysterious Cities of Gold, Adventures of the Little Koala, Belle and Sebastian, The Adventures of the Little Prince, Noozles, Maya the Bee, Grimm’s Fairy Tale Classics, and The Littl’ Bits, many of which were aired on “Nick Jr.“, the network’s block of programming for very young viewers. The Disney Channel broadcast both of the feature-length anime films starring Osamu Tezuka’s popular unicorn character Unico, and CBN redubbed and broadcast its Bible-based anime TV series co-produced with Tatsunoko, Superbook and The Flying House. HBO also showed juvenile-targeted anime on occasion, including TV series such as Tales of Little Women, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and Saban’s Adventures of Pinocchio and feature films such as Gisaburo Sugii’s 1974 Jack and the Beanstalk.
A great many anime films and feature-length TV series compilations were also released direct-to-video in the U.S., and were often available for rental at mainstream video stores. Some titles which were distributed in the U.S. in this fashion included Candy Candy, Captain Future, Angel, Serendipity the Pink Dragon, Taro the Dragon Boy, Robby the Rascal (Cybot Robotchi), and Ninja the Wonder Boy (Manga Sarutobi Sasuke).
For the most part, though, these TV series and films were not actively promoted as being of Japanese origin; in fact, many of them went so far as to remove most or all Japanese names from the credits except for credits to the animation studios. In the series themselves, character names were often changed and Japanese cultural references removed to make them more accessible to English-speaking audiences, such as Genshi being changed to Flint in Space-Time Detective Genshi-kun. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, this trend began to change as more openly Japanese works, such as Sailor Moon, Gundam Wing, Pokémon, Dragon Ball Z, Digimon, and Yu-Gi-Oh! achieved mainstream popularity on American television. Although many of these shows did undergo some kind of “Americanization” in the form of character name changes and edits for violence, language, and the occasional nudity, viewers were more aware of the shows’ country of origin, which might perhaps pique their curiosity to seek out other works in a similar style.
Anime can be used as a common noun, “Do you watch anime?” or as a suppletive adjective, “The anime Guyver is different from the movie Guyver.” It may also be used as a mass noun, as in “How much anime have you collected?” and therefore is never pluralized “animes” (nouns are never pluralized in Japanese). However, in other languages where anime has been adopted as a loan word, it is sometimes used as a count noun in singular and in plural as in Danish “Jeg tror, jeg vil se en anime” (”I think I’ll watch an anime”) and “Hvor mange anime’er har du nu?” (”How many animes do you have now?”).
Synonyms
Anime is sometimes referred to as Japanimation, but this term has fallen into disuse. Japanimation saw the most usage during the 1970s and 1980s, which broadly comprise the first and second waves of anime fandom, and had continued use up until before the mid-1990s anime resurgence. In general, the term now only appears in nostalgic contexts. The term is much more commonly used within Japan to refer to domestic animation. Since anime or animēshon is used to describe all forms of animation, Japanimation is used to distinguish Japanese work from that of the rest of the world.
In more recent years, anime has also frequently been referred to as manga in European countries, a practice that may stem from the Japanese usage: In Japan, manga can refer to both animation and comics (although the use of manga to refer to animation is mostly restricted to non-fans). Among English speakers, manga usually has the stricter meaning of “Japanese comics”. An alternate explanation is that it is due to the prominence of Manga Entertainment, a distributor of anime to the US and UK markets. Because Manga Entertainment originated in the UK the use of the term is common outside of Japan. The portmanteau “animanga” has been used to collectively refer to anime and manga, though it is also a term used to describe comics produced from animation cels.
Characteristics
Anime features a wide variety of artistic styles. They vary from artist to artist or by studio to studio. They are generally characterized by detailed backgrounds and stylized characters in a variety of different settings and storylines, aimed at a wide range of audiences.
Genres
Anime has many genres typically found in any mass media form. Such genres include action, adventure, children’s stories, comedy, drama, erotica (hentai), medieval fantasy, occult/horror, romance, and science fiction.
Most anime includes content from several different genres, as well as a variety of thematic elements. Thus, some series may be categorized under multiple genres. For example, Neon Genesis Evangelion might be considered to fall into the genres of post-apocalyptic, mecha, drama, and shonen-ai. A show may have a seemingly simple surface plot, but at the same time may feature a far more complex, deeper storyline and character development. It is not uncommon for an action themed anime to also involve humor, romance, and even social commentary. The same can be applied to a romance themed anime in that it may involve an action element, or in some cases brutal violence.
The following is a list of the major genres and designations that are specific to anime and manga.
For other possible genres, see film genre.
Genres with Western Counterparts:
Action/Adventure: Anime that primarily focuses on martial arts, sword fighting, or other action oriented material. Examples: Ninja Scroll.
Horror: Anime or manga which contains darker themes or science-fictional characters. Examples: Vampire Hunter D series or Wicked City.
Progressive: “Art films” or extremely stylized anime. Examples: Voices of a Distant Star or ByÃ…Âsoku 5 Centimetre.
Demographic Genres:
ShÃ…Âjo: Japanese for ‘young lady’ or ‘little girl’. Refers to anime or manga targeted at girls. Examples: Fruits Basket or Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch.
ShÃ…Ânen: Japanese for ‘young boy’. Refers to anime or manga targeted at younger boys. Examples: Dragon Ball Z or Naruto.
Seinen: Japanese for ‘young man’. Anime or manga targeted at teenage or young male adults. Examples: Oh My Goddess!, Outlaw Star or Cowboy Bebop.
Josei: Japanese for ‘young woman’. Anime or manga that is aimed at young women. Examples: Gokusen.
Kodomo: Japanese for ‘child’. Anime or manga that is aimed at young children. Examples: Doraemon, Hello Kitty, Keroppi, or Panda-Z.
Thematic Genres
BishÃ…Âjo: Japanese for ‘beautiful girl’. A blanket term that can be used to describe any anime that features pretty girl characters. Examples: Magic Knight Rayearth.
BishÃ…Ânen: Japanese for ‘beautiful boy’. A blanket term that can be used to describe any anime that features “pretty” and elegant boys and men. Examples: Fushigi YÅ«gi or most CLAMP shows.
Sentai: Literally “fighting team” in Japanese. Refers to any show that involves a superhero team. Examples: Cyborg 009.
Robot/Mecha: Anime or manga featuring super robots. Examples: Mobile Suit Gundam or Mazinger Z.
Post-Apocalyptic: Anime dealing with a post-apocalyptic world. Examples: Neon Genesis Evangelion, Trigun, Akira, or Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind
MahÃ…Â shÃ…Âjo: Subgenre of shÃ…Âjo known for ‘Magical Girl’ stories. Examples: Sailor Moon.
MahÃ…Â shÃ…Ânen: Male equivalent of MahÃ…Â ShÃ…Âjo. Examples: D.N.Angel.
Moe: Anime or manga featuring characters that are extremely perky or cute. Examples: A Little Snow Fairy Sugar.
Expertise: Anime that deals with a specific topic in depth, such as Eyeshield 21 and football, Hikaru no Go and the game Go, Yakitate! Japan and bread-making, etc.
Romantic Genres
Harem: A genre where several girl characters are attracted to a single boy character (or sometimes to multiple boy characters). It is more often than not a Shonen Anime and may be considered a sub-genre. Examples: Ranma ½ or Love Hina.
Reverse Harem: As a Harem anime, but where several boy characters are attracted to a single girl character (or sometimes to multiple girl characters). It is more often than not a Shojo Anime and may be considered a sub-genre. Examples: Ouran Host Club or Fruits Basket.
Ecchi: Japanese for ‘indecent sexuality’, derived from the pronunciation of the letter ‘H’, (the origin of the term is not well known, even in Japan. See main article for more information.) Contains sexual humor, and some fan service. Examples: Love Hina, Oruchuban Ebichu or He Is My Master.
Hentai: Japanese for ‘abnormal’ or ‘perverted’. While Western audiences may use the term to refer to pornographic anime or erotica, in Japan the term used to refer to the same material is typically Poruno or Ero. Examples: La Blue Girl.
ShÃ…Âjo-ai/Yuri: Japanese for ‘girl-love’. Refers to anime or manga that focus on love and romance between female characters. It is often being replaced by the term “Girls Love” (GL). Yuri is like ShÃ…Âjo-ai, but sometimes involves older characters or explicit sexual activity. Examples: Revolutionary Girl Utena or Kannazuki no Miko.
ShÃ…Ânen-ai: Japanese for ‘boy-love’. Refers to anime or manga that focus on love and romance between male characters. The term “ShÃ…Ânen-ai” is being phased out in Japan due to its other meaning of pederasty, and is being replaced by the term “Boys Love” (BL). Examples: Loveless.
Yaoi: Like “ShÃ…Ânen-ai” but often involving older characters and explicit sexual activity. Examples: “Sensitive Pornograph“
Some anime titles are written for a very specific audience, even narrower than those described above. For example, Initial D, Wangan Midnight and éX-Driver concern street racing and car tuning. Ashita No Joe, Hajime no Ippo were about boxing. Hanaukyo Maid Team is based on the French maid fantasy.
Style
While different titles and different artists have their own artistic styles, many stylistic elements have become so common such that they are described as being definitive of anime in general. These elements have been given names of their own. The anime drawing style can be learned, particularly with the aid of books such as How to Draw Manga. Such books come complete with information and instructions on the styles used in anime.
A common approach is the large eyes style drawn on many anime characters, credited to the influence of Osamu Tezuka, who was inspired by the exaggerated features of American cartoon characters such as Betty Boop and Mickey Mouse and from Disney’s Bambi. Tezuka found that large eyes style allowed his characters to show emotions distinctly. Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn argues that Japanese animators and audiences do not perceive such stylized eyes as inherently more or less foreign. When Tezuka began drawing Ribbon no Kishi, the first manga specifically targeted at young girls, Tezuka further exaggerated the size of the characters’ eyes. Indeed, through Ribbon no Kishi, Tezuka set a stylistic template that later shÃ…Âjo artists tended to follow. Another variation of this style is “chibi” or “super deformed“; which usually feature huge eyes, an enlarged head, and small body.
Other stylistic elements are common as well; often in comedic anime, characters that are shocked or surprised will perform a “face fault“, in which they display an extremely exaggerated expression. Angry characters may exhibit a “vein” or “stressmark” effect, where lines representing bulging veins will appear on their forehead. Angry women will sometimes summon a mallet from nowhere and strike someone with it, leading to the concept of Hammerspace and cartoon physics. Male characters will develop a bloody nose around their female love interests (typically to indicate arousal, based on an old wives’ tale). Embarrassed characters will invariably produce a massive sweat-drop, which has become one of the most widely recognized stereotype motifs of anime.
The degree of stylization varies from title to title. Some titles make extensive use of common stylization: FLCL, for example, is known for its wild, exaggerated stylization. In contrast, titles such as Only Yesterday, a film by Isao Takahata, take a much more realistic approach, and feature few stylistic exaggerations.
Anime beyond Japan
Early anime in the United States
The United States saw its first exposure to anime in June of 1961, when Shônen Sarutobi Sasuke (Magic Boy) was released by MGM, followed a few weeks later by Hakuja den (Panda and the Magic Serpent, or The Tale of the White Serpent). Anime then got its running jump in September of 1963, when NBC syndicated a dubbed version of the Japanese series Astro Boy. Not counting such Japanese/American co-productions as The King Kong Show and Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero[1], only seven more anime TV series were released in the United States in the 1960s. These were 8 Man (1965), Gigantor (1966), Kimba the White Lion (1966), Prince Planet (1966), Marine Boy (1966), The Amazing 3 (1967) and Speed Racer (1967). Speed Racer would be the last anime series released in the United States until 1978 when the 1972 series Kagaku ninja tai Gatchaman was adapted for American audiences as Battle of the Planets. Many anime series that made it to American television from the 1960s through the 1980s tended to be science fiction or action-oriented, such as Star Blazers (the English dub of Space Battleship Yamato) and Robotech and Voltron (both Americanized amalgamations of unrelated anime series cobbled together into a single story).
As the 1980s wore on, more anime series and films targeted at very young children also found their way to U.S. TV screens, often on cable television channels or in syndication. Nickelodeon broadcast many mostly Canadian-made English dubs of anime films during its early years, including TV series such as Mysterious Cities of Gold, Adventures of the Little Koala, Belle and Sebastian, The Adventures of the Little Prince, Noozles, Maya the Bee, Grimm’s Fairy Tale Classics, and The Littl’ Bits, many of which were aired on “Nick Jr.“, the network’s block of programming for very young viewers. The Disney Channel broadcast both of the feature-length anime films starring Osamu Tezuka’s popular unicorn character Unico, and CBN redubbed and broadcast its Bible-based anime TV series co-produced with Tatsunoko, Superbook and The Flying House. HBO also showed juvenile-targeted anime on occasion, including TV series such as Tales of Little Women, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and Saban’s Adventures of Pinocchio and feature films such as Gisaburo Sugii’s 1974 Jack and the Beanstalk.
A great many anime films and feature-length TV series compilations were also released direct-to-video in the U.S., and were often available for rental at mainstream video stores. Some titles which were distributed in the U.S. in this fashion included Candy Candy, Captain Future, Angel, Serendipity the Pink Dragon, Taro the Dragon Boy, Robby the Rascal (Cybot Robotchi), and Ninja the Wonder Boy (Manga Sarutobi Sasuke).
For the most part, though, these TV series and films were not actively promoted as being of Japanese origin; in fact, many of them went so far as to remove most or all Japanese names from the credits except for credits to the animation studios. In the series themselves, character names were often changed and Japanese cultural references removed to make them more accessible to English-speaking audiences, such as Genshi being changed to Flint in Space-Time Detective Genshi-kun. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, this trend began to change as more openly Japanese works, such as Sailor Moon, Gundam Wing, Pokémon, Dragon Ball Z, Digimon, and Yu-Gi-Oh! achieved mainstream popularity on American television. Although many of these shows did undergo some kind of “Americanization” in the form of character name changes and edits for violence, language, and the occasional nudity, viewers were more aware of the shows’ country of origin, which might perhaps pique their curiosity to seek out other works in a similar style.
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